請教幾個土木工程的專業(yè)英語 風荷載 wind load 雪荷載 snow load 彎筋機 bar bending machine 彎筋錨固 bent bar anchorage 箍筋 reinforcement stirrup stirrup 土木工程專業(yè)英語 翻譯：Civil engineering 當當上有，

一、土木工程專業(yè)英語翻譯：civil engineers 二、專業(yè)英語（土木工程專業(yè)）（第3版）主要內(nèi)容：第一部分為土木工程專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識，涉及力學、建筑材料、測量、工程合同、招投標等方面內(nèi)容；第二部分為現(xiàn)代道路及交通工程專業(yè)知識；

抽象的。鋼性穩(wěn)定性數(shù)值分析的一個具體的單一列橋isintroduced。橋的承載能力計算的情況下thebearings分離。使橋推翻的主要因素進行了分析,并給出了thepreventive措施。結(jié)果為類似的設計提供參考projectsand駕駛需求。IntroductionSi

The composition of a gravel deposit礫石沉積物 reflects not only the source ****s母巖 of the area from which it was derived but is also influenced by the agents responsible for its formation and the climatic r

土木工程師 civil engineer 土木工程學 civil engineering

請教土木工程專業(yè)英語的翻譯

抽象的。鋼性穩(wěn)定性數(shù)值分析的一個具體的單一列橋isintroduced。橋的承載能力計算的情況下thebearings分離。使橋推翻的主要因素進行了分析,并給出了thepreventive措施。結(jié)果為類似的設計提供參考projectsand駕駛需求。Introduction

.5水文分析和水力設計是解決地面排水問題的兩個基本步驟。Hydrological analyses and hydraulic design are two basic steps to solve the problem of draining away water on the ground.我是英語專業(yè)的，看我的吧

special English for civil work engineering 土木工程專業(yè)英語

pebbles tend to the chemically inert residues殘余物 such as vein quartz脈石英 ,quartzite石英巖, chert黑硅石 and flint燧石.By contrast high relief and rapid erosion侵蝕 yield coarse ,immature gravels.地貌也會影響

abstract；the reinforcing bars are built in the bamboo frameworks（beam，pillar） and stuffed and contacted with glue ，then seal gaps with bamboo battens and decorate the exterior，this process can not only rei

Screeding is the process of striking off excess concrete to bring the top sur** to the desired grade. With a sawing motion a straight edge is moved across the sur** with a surplus of concrete against the

• 土木工程專業(yè)英語,誰能幫我翻譯下,謝謝了,

The difference in soil behavior in compression and in shear suggests to separate the stresses and deformations into two parts, one describing compression, and another describing shear. This will be presented in th

Engineersconsider many factors when developing a new product. For example, in developing an industrial robot, engineers precisely specify the functional requirements; design and test the robot抯 components; integrate

airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting

Following final location,whether done in field or office,suffcient curvature,tangency,and other control points must be carefully referenced on the ground to permit easy location of the line dyring all phases of

求土木工程專業(yè)外語文章翻譯

design10.1i ）是一個方向性的交匯處，其中一名司機希望去的權(quán)利，承擔的權(quán)利和一名司機欲前往左熊離開。北行的司機必須作出兩項決定，因為他的辦法首先退出：他是要離開高速公路在此退出，以及是否他的目的地是正確的（東

1交匯處是一個立交，其中車輛在一個方向流動，可能轉(zhuǎn)移使用的連接道路。這些連接公路交匯處，是在所謂的斜道。許多類型和形式的交匯處和匝道布局是用在美國的states.they是：噸和Y交匯處;鉆石交匯處;局部和全面cloverleaves ;

一不利的鉆石交匯處的可能性非法錯誤的方式輪流，這可以導致嚴重的意外。如果幾何的交匯點，可能導致這些反過來，設計師可以使用信道設備的和額外的簽署和路面marking.wrong雙向流動，一般來說，排除使用立交橋的設計。部分cloverle

在朝派ruban和郊區(qū)areas徑流水域公畝處理通過a系統(tǒng)的排水srructures引去參考向某樣的人雨水道和他們的appurtenances.The排水問題存在增加在朝派這些areas主要對于兩reasoms:the不能透過的本質(zhì)的區(qū)域創(chuàng)造a非常高度runoff;and那里

the operator and the environment. The systems that are in place reflect the multitude of decisions made by shippers, carriers, government,individual

一、土木工程專業(yè)英語翻譯：civil engineers 二、專業(yè)英語（土木工程專業(yè)）（第3版）主要內(nèi)容：第一部分為土木工程專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識，涉及力學、建筑材料、測量、工程合同、招投標等方面內(nèi)容；第二部分為現(xiàn)代道路及交通工程專業(yè)知識；

專業(yè)英語[土木工程專業(yè)(路橋方向)]第三版李嘉 主編 求全文翻譯

單位體積材料（包括巖石和土）的質(zhì)量，簡稱密度。3． 重力密度 force (weight) density 單位體積材料所受的重力，簡稱重度。4． 動量矩 moment of momentum 質(zhì)點的動量與該質(zhì)點至某點距離的乘積。5． 轉(zhuǎn)動慣量 dynamic

2. 板柱結(jié)構(gòu) slab-colume system 由樓板和柱（無梁）組成承重體系的房屋結(jié)構(gòu)，如升板結(jié)構(gòu)、無梁樓蓋結(jié)構(gòu)、整體預應力板柱結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 框架結(jié)構(gòu) frame structure 由梁柱組成的能承受豎向、水平作用所產(chǎn)生各種效應的單層、多層或

the sur** is ready for floating and final finishing operations . floating is an operation carried out with flat wood or metal blades for the purposes of firmly embedding the aggregate, compacting the sur**,

1.壩 dam 阻攔或攔蓄水充、壅高或調(diào)節(jié)上游水位的擋水建筑物。頂部不泄水的稱非溢流壩，頂部泄水的稱溢流壩。2.壩軸線 dam axis 代表壩位置的一條橫貫河谷的線。3.重力壩 gravity dam 主要依靠自身重力，抵抗壅水作用于

第四節(jié) 橋、涵洞和隧道術(shù)語 1. 橋 bridge 為公路、鐵路、城市道路、管線、行人等跨越河流、山谷、道路等天然或人工障礙而建造的架空建筑物。2. 簡支梁橋 simple supported girder bridge 以簡支梁作為橋跨結(jié)構(gòu)的主要承重構(gòu)件

Lesson 7 Transportation Systems交通運 輸系統(tǒng) Transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have evolved over many years. The system consists of vehicles, guideways, terminal facili

一、土木工程專業(yè)英語翻譯：civil engineers 二、專業(yè)英語（土木工程專業(yè)）（第3版）主要內(nèi)容：第一部分為土木工程專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識，涉及力學、建筑材料、測量、工程合同、招投標等方面內(nèi)容；第二部分為現(xiàn)代道路及交通工程專業(yè)知識；

李嘉主編的第三版土木工程專業(yè)英語的翻譯。

Lesson 7 Transportation Systems交通運 輸系統(tǒng) Transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have evolved over many years. The system consists of vehicles, guideways, terminal facilities and control systems: these operate according to established procedures and schedules in the air,on land, and on water. The system also requires interaction with the user, the operator and the environment. The systems that are in place reflect the multitude of decisions made by shippers, carriers, government, individual travelers, and affected nonusers concerning the investment in or the use of transportation. The transportation system that has evolved has produced a variety of modes that complement each other. 在發(fā)達國家，交通運輸系統(tǒng)由網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)組成的模式已經(jīng)發(fā)展了好多年。這個系統(tǒng)由交通工具、軌道、站場設施和控制系統(tǒng)組成。這些依照空中、陸上和水上已制定的程序和計劃運轉(zhuǎn)。這個系統(tǒng)也需要和用戶、司機和環(huán)境互動?，F(xiàn)在的運輸體系可以反映出與投資和使用有關(guān)的多方?jīng)Q定，包括運輸業(yè)主、承運商、政府、每個出行者以及受影響的非使用者等。逐步發(fā)展的交通運輸系統(tǒng)形成了各種互補模式。 The U. S. transportation system today is a highly developed, complex network of modes and facilities that furnishes shippers and travelers with a wide range of choices in terms of services provided. Each mode offers a unique set of service characteristics in terms of travel time, frequency, comfort, reliability, convenience and safety. The term level of service is used to describe the relative values of these attributes. The traveler or shipper must compare the level of service offered with the cost in order to make tradeoffs and mode selection. Furthermore, a shipper or traveler can decide to use a public carrier or to use private (or personal) transportation. For example, a manufacturer can ship goods through a trucking firm or with company trucks, a homeowner who has been relocated can hire a household moving company or rent a truck, and a commuter can elect to ride the bus to work or drive a car. Each of these decisions involves a complex set of factors that require
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WOOD BRIDGE FAILURE ANALYSIS by Charles C. Roberts, Jr. There are many private bridges owned by insured's throughout the country. The maintenance of these bridges is typically the responsibility of the insured. From time to time, a vehicle traveling over the bridge will cause a collapse of the bridge, damage to the vehicle and possible personal injury. The owner of the bridge, the insured, is often accused of negligent maintenance of the structure. This may or may not be true. Factors regarding the loss that tend to implicate the insured are: 1. Deterioration of the wood bridge structure 2. Improper design of the bridge structure 3. Improper construction Deterioration of the wood structure can be easily observed from failed wood members (see Claims, March 1991, Wood Failure Analysis). Dry rot, insect attack, and other decay related failure modes signal the weakening of the structure. Improper design can be assessed by looking at plans and determining the load capacity of the structure by calculation. Improper material selection such as not specifying treated wood at specific locations may be a design deficiency. Finally, improper construction, such as failure to install members or bolts can sufficiently weaken a structure. The mere failure of a bridge, where the claimant gets "dumped in the creek" is not usually persuasive in assigning liability to the insured. Some examples of factors implicating claimants are: 1. Operating an overloaded vehicle 2. Impacting the structure causing failure 3. Traveling at a speed such that dynamic forces overload the structure FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 Overloading a construction vehicle to save trips to the **** quarry is not unheard of. Vehicular impact with a bridge structural member can cause failure. Dynamic forces, those caused by bouncing or swaying, can superimpose additional loads on the bridge, causing a failure. Figure 1 is a view of a large truck that attempted to back over a private bridge to dump a load of gravel. Immediately, when the rear dual axles of the truck were supported by the bridge, a collapse occurred, trapping the truck on the bridge. The truck was recovered and the bridge analyzed. Figure 2 shows a wood beam that had failed in a rotted area. The loss scenario is a classic failure to maintain. FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 Figures 3 and 4 are views of a private suspension footbridge over a small creek. The insured was in the habit of letting snowmobilers drive their sleds over the bridge between farm fields. While crossing the bridge, a sled and driver fell through the bridge into the creek. Failure analysis of the wood stringers showed a degree of rot, reducing the load carrying capacity. However, the bouncing of the snowmobile as it crossed the wood stringers added dynamic loading to the system resulting in the loss. Here a combination of wood rot and dynamic loading explains the failure. When analyzing bridge failures, structural analysis of the bridge aids in the determination of load capacity. Computing or measuring the vehicle load determines the safety margin of the system, i.e., the difference between the bridge load capacity and the load carried. Finally, investigating deterioration, construction and design peculiarities further refines the cause of failure.
在朝派ruban和郊區(qū)areas徑流水域公畝處理通過a系統(tǒng)的排水srructures引去參考向某樣的人雨水道和他們的appurtenances.The排水問題存在增加在朝派這些areas主要對于兩reasoms:the不能透過的本質(zhì)的區(qū)域創(chuàng)造a非常高度runoff;and那里存在很少寄宿為天然的東西流淚courses它存在常常becessary向收取整個猛襲waterinto asysterm的管子和播送信號它剩余物相當大距離befor它罐被松開再次某樣的人浮出水面徑流這個臟的沒有ponding因此消滅一些天然的東西存儲和通過增**度也高峰caues的更短工時,systen,就象涵洞和橋是was,是更對shortduration高強度降雨量雨水道敏感設計在經(jīng)濟和量的ponding上各種各樣強度回程時期關(guān)系doponding的rof暴風雨的高峰徑流被更迅速達到那個罐被容忍
長期**的定義中的建設管理的結(jié)果在施工管理公司具有不同的法律關(guān)系與項目業(yè)主比傳統(tǒng)的總承包商。 作為一個獨立的承包商，總承包商沒有權(quán)力采取行動的項目業(yè)主在處理與外部各方。 不同的獨立承包商，**人有服務的義務，作為業(yè)主，如果他或她是一個雇主的擁有人，**人的法律權(quán)威，代表業(yè)主和進行商業(yè)交易的所有者的代表。
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視距 為車輛安全運行，公路的設計必須讓司機有足夠的距離，清晰的未來遠景，使他們能避免意想不到的障礙和可以通過較慢的車輛沒有危險。視線距離的長短，公路有形提前給司機的車輛。的概念，安全視距有兩個層面： “停車” （或“ 禁止通行 ” ）和“過關(guān)” 。 在時代的大型物體可能下降到一個巷道，并會做嚴重損害汽車罷工。再次汽車或卡車可能被迫停止在該車道，在道路下面的車輛。再次舉例來說，妥善的設計要求，這種危險變成可見的距離足夠大的司機，可以停止之前，打他們。此外，這是不安全的不安全假設一迎面駛來的車輛可避免麻煩，離開是在旅行的結(jié)果，在失去控制或碰撞與另一輛車。 停車視距是成立的兩個要素。首先是距離后，阻塞生效的看法，但前司機適用于他的剎車。在此期間，知覺和反應，汽車旅游在其初始速度。第二個是消費的距離，而司機剎車的車輛停止。第一，這兩個距離是依賴于速度的車輛和看法，時間和制動反應時間的經(jīng)營者。第二次的距離依賴于速度的車輛;條件的制動器，輪胎，和巷道表面;路線和等級公路。 對雙車道公路，有機會通過緩慢移動的車輛必須在規(guī)定的時間間隔。否則的能力降低，意外增加的風險，急不可待的司機頭部碰撞就通過時，這是不安全的這樣做。最小距離，未來必須明確允許安全通過，是所謂通過視距。 在決定是否或不通過的另一輛車，司機必須權(quán)衡清楚的距離，向他提供對距離須進行事件的順序彌補通過演習。其中的因素會影響他的決定是謹慎的程度，他演習和**的能力，他的汽車，因為人類明顯不同，通過做法，這取決于司機。建立設計值，通過視線的距離，觀察通過的做法，很多司機。基本的意見，其中通過視距標準是根據(jù)發(fā)了言期間， 1938年至1941年。假設操作條件如下：
NPB2不知道是什么 相對樁和墻之間的垂直升降都微不足道后底板鑄造. 縮短大大降低了欄目具體裝箱時鑄造. 大部份的垂直荷載和樁柱來自npb2, 避免過度撓度差,設計限定了多少可以npb2底板前建成并已專欄掩體內(nèi)完成. 在后期的設計,各種拖延導致決定展開同時施工、車站npb2地下室. 對此, 加上選npb2為磚石結(jié)構(gòu),設計解決方案,其中涉及砌筑拱門庭院周圍, 加強對不均勻沉降,導致引進了頂制板之間的過渡和頂端的梯箱中欄目.